The Traditional Family - 1339 Words

Family is an interesting subject to discuss, as the â€Å"traditional† family structure has definitely changed, for example, in 2011 the U.S. Census Bureau, stated that 27.2% of American children under the age of 18 lived with one parent in 2007, in comparison to 1960, where around 9.1% of American children who lived in single-parent families in 1960 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2004). Reiss (1981) stated that family shares world views, and together the value and belief systems give the family a meaning in a social context. As human beings are social beings, family is important because, that is the nucleus in where people learn their social cues and behaviors. Family communication has an immediate impact on the self- esteem of adolescents and this is prevalent in many facets of adolescent life, specifically dating. Through looking at family communication standards, the standards by which Caughlin conceptualized as specific ideal behaviors practiced in a family environment. Through family communication standards, individuals’ judge communication in families, these standards have 10 dimensions which are openness, maintaining structural stability, expression of affection, emotional/ instrumental support, mindreading, politeness, discipline, humor/sarcasm, regular routine interaction and avoidance (Caughlin 2003). Looking at family communication standards gives a base as to what ideal family communication should be; could family also play a role in the way adolescent’s view their own self-Show MoreRelatedFamily As A Traditional Family885 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Family† Language constantly evolves and changes as it is adopted by different cultures. Consequently, words have many definitions, connotations and origins. â€Å"Family† is a term that has changed over time; as a result the traditional definition of â€Å"family† is inadequate, and limited to describe the modern version of the term. Our society tends to attach itself to the â€Å"traditional conceptualization of family† better know as a â€Å"nuclear family† which includes a set of parents, and their biological offspringRead MoreFamily As A Traditional Family866 Words   |  4 Pagesand origins. â€Å"Family† is a term that has changed over time; as a result the traditional definition of â€Å"family† is inadequate, and limited to describe the modern version of the term. Our society tends to attach itself to the â€Å"traditional conceptualization of family† better know as a â€Å"nuclear family† which includes a set of parents, and t heir biological offspring (Kompara). In America, known as a â€Å"melting pot† of all cultures and races, there are many implications for the word family thus there isRead MoreTraditional Families And Traditional Values942 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The family you come from isn t as important as the family you re going to have.† – Ring Lardner. Even though traditional values should change, families should be more traditional with mortality and respect. A family is the best thing that anyone can ask for. Traditional families hold the true values of friendship, honesty, loyalty, morals, and respect. While this issue is complex and may be hard to discuss there is a simple answer. Traditional families use morals to raise their children and createRead MoreModern Family : A Traditional Family2343 Words   |  10 Pagesfamiliarized with a specific perception of a traditional family: a working man, his stay at home wife, and their children. When the term â€Å"modern family† is brought up, people still primarily go back to the thought of a woman and a man being married to each other with a couple of children that they work together to support. It wasn’t until roughly about 1980 that the â€Å"traditionally family† underwent changes to become a more â€Å"modern family.† This means that the â€Å"traditional† definition has changed from the normRead MoreTraditional Family Values957 Words   |  4 PagesWhere do family values stand in today’s world? There is the traditional family that make ends meet no matter what and more common today is the modern family that take divorce like it is no big deal. Kingslover and White give great examples of what a traditional family is like and how the modern family is taking over. The world makes it easy to deplete family values in this day and age but really divorce has been considered for centuries. Divorce has become a regular occurrence and highly prevalentRead More The Traditional American Family1184 Words   |  5 PagesThe traditional American family can be traced back to the aggressive marketing in the 1950’s. The image of a white, middle class family owning a moderate sized home with a well-kept lawn. The father is the head of the household who would teach his kids all the life lessons and be the only source of income by working a white collar, corporate job. The mother would stay at home in a full skirt and heels looking after the kids, preparing meals, and taking care of the house. The kids, usually two, wouldRead MoreTraditional And Non Traditional Family Institutions2277 Words   |  10 PagesFamilies can be classified as either traditional or non-traditional based on its structure and components. A traditional family is defined as a legally protected institution in which the roles, rules, and expectations are clearly stated. Examples of traditional families include both heterosexual and homosexual couples and their children ( Bouchard Lachance-Grezla, 2016, p.1). A non-traditional family, on the other hand, is defined as an incomplete and legally unprotected institution in which theRead MoreTraditional Approaches Of The Family1500 Words   |  6 Pagesnumber one, â€Å"Explain traditional approaches to studying the family. How have sociologists evolved in thinking about the family? Discuss the role Engles and Parson played. Give examples of how you believe the study of the family has evolved.† as well as question number four, â€Å"Many of the conversations within this class have discussed the different types of family and parenting. Discuss the major issues in parenting and the different styles. You may use examples from the American Family reader, class discussionRead MoreThe Time Of A Traditional Family1842 Words   |  8 PagesEntering the home of a traditional family, the youngest children are in the living room watching television, arguing over the channel, as the oldest sibling is their room because they recently got suspended from school, and the dog is drinking out of the toilet bowl. In the meantime, the mother is the kitchen preparing dinner and setting up the dinner table. As she listens to the children arguing, the laundry timer goes off, and then her husband walks in from work. Now, not every home is as chaoticRead MoreTraditional African Family19679 Words   |  79 PagesChapter 5 Health, medicine and the body The lesson plans are designed to be flexible. They Chapter 6 Crime and deviance can be adapted by teachers both to suit individual Chapter 7 Religion teaching styles and also to meet the needs of a Chapter 8 Families and households particular group of students. Chapter 9 Power, politics and the state Chapter 11 Education Chapter 12 Culture and identity Chapter 13 Communication and the media Chapter 14 Methodology Chapter 15 Sociological theory Themes and Perspectives

Architectural Textbook on How to Draw Perspective Free Essays

string(40) " more expansive with large floor tiles\." 1 BatHroom projects Bathroom-Tile Design By Lynn Hopkins W alk into a tile showroom, and you may be overwhelmed by the sheer number of colors, materials, finishes, and sizes available. The best way to keep your wits about you is to develop a strategy beforehand for the style of bathroom you plan to create. This plan will help to guide tile selection and installation. We will write a custom essay sample on Architectural Textbook on How to Draw Perspective or any similar topic only for you Order Now Before going to the store, think about the character of your new bath. Are you interested in a traditional bathroom with historical references, something with fixtures and finishes that remind you of an earlier time? Or are you dreaming of something more sleek and modern? Regardless of the style of bathroom you choose, designing a tile installation requires forethought. The accompanying drawings illustrate key areas to consider when developing a tile design and show how the traditional or modern character of the room might influence tile selection and layout. As part of the planning process, I recommend making detailed drawings that show which tiles go where on both the floor and the walls. An accurate, scaled sketch of a section of wall and floor, plus any special corner conditions, makes it much easier to order, lay out, and correctly install the tile. Start by Planning the Walls There are three standard heights to consider when tiling a bathroom wall: wainscot height, shower height, and full-wall height. You may use one, two, or all three of these heights in a single bathroom, depending on the look you are trying to achieve and on your budget. Because tiled walls are more expensive than wallboard, tile often is used only where it is needed most: on the lower portion of the wall that requires water protection. This wainscot is usually between 36 in. and 42 in. tall, enough to provide a backsplash of 4 in. or so above the sink. Tile protects the walls below towel bars from wet towels, and the walls around the toilet from the spray of rambunctious kids. Tiling to wainscot height may be adequate protection around tubs without showers as most splashes occur below this line. In a shower area, however, all enclosure walls should be tiled high enough to protect the walls from water spray, at least 72 in. and preferably to the ceiling. 78 Details for a Traditional Bathroom 3-in. by 6-in. brick tiles 1-in. by 6-in. color band Fixtures are centered on tile layout. 1 Shower enclosure is tiled to at least 72 in. At least 4 in. 36 in. to 42 in. Bullnose tiles 2 Border tiles define limits of the room. 6-in. by 6-in. tiles 1. TURNING CORNERS Profiled edge tiles 2. INSIDE CORNERS A bathroom with traditional characteristics has plumbing fixtures that take their styling cues from an earlier era, generally the 1920s or 1930s. The tile should reinforce these historical references. Small wall tiles, such as 3 in. by 6 in. , 4 in. by 4 in. , and even smaller mosaics, were typical in the old days, in part because the adhesive available could not support tiles that were much larger and heavier than 6 in. q. Traditional styles often celebrate the edges where tile meets wall or where wall meets floor with a border or fancy molding profile. Borders run around the perimeter of the floor and/or walls, defining the limits of the room. Bathroom-Tile Design 79 Choose the Right Tile Tiles finished on only the front face are called field tiles. When installed, they are butted next to each other with grout filling the spaces in between. Wherever wall tile stops short of the ceiling, field tiles should not be installed on the top row because the raw, unfinished edge of the tiles will be exposed. For these locations, use tile with at least one finished edge. Typically, the finished edge is a rounded bullnose shape that makes an elegant transition from tile to wall surface. In bathrooms with traditional styling, this transitional edge frequently is celebrated with a decorative border that intro- duces a band of color, a pattern, a texture, or a special profile (see the drawings on p. 79). Borders Create a Transition Although a decorative border is a great way to handle the tile-to-wall transition, you’ll need to consider how to handle the border when the tile goes from a lower to a taller height. In a traditionally styled bath, I prefer to turn the edging and keep the border moving up, over, and down again, using mitered corners at each turn. I find that a miter creates a crisp, clean look and allows the flexi- Details for a Modern Bathroom The details in a modern room imply expansiveness and continuity. Tile frequently runs continuously from floor to ceiling or from corner to corner. Borders like those found in a traditional bath are seldom used because they would feel constrictive. Luxurious materials, such as stone, are treated simply so that nothing competes with or detracts from the beauty of the aterial itself. Modern designs often use larger tiles—8 in. by 8 in. , 6 in. by 12 in. , 12 in. by 12 in. , or 16 in. by 16 in. —because they feel more expansive. Visual interest comes from the use of multiple materials, patterns, textures, and plane changes. In this example, the height change at the shower area is emphasized with a bump-out separating the plumbing wall into two different planes. Within the shower, 12-in. by 12-in. stone tiles run floor to ceiling. The side edges of the stone tile are mitered to finish the outside corner. Outside the shower, 6-in. by 12-in. ceramic tiles are used on the walls. The running-bond pattern helps to tie the different materials together. 12-in. by 12-in. stone tiles Running-bond pattern is an easy, inexpensive way to add visual interest. Bump-out, 2 in. minimum 6-in. by 12-in. ceramic tiles 3 3. ChaNGING plaNES Room feels more expansive with large floor tiles. You read "Architectural Textbook on How to Draw Perspective" in category "Essay examples" Inside corner marks transition from large shower tiles to smaller wall tiles. Mitered outside corner 80 Bathroom Projects bility to use border designs without a special corner tile (see the inset drawing on p. 79). Other areas that demand careful planning are corner borders at wall intersections. If your bath has only inside corners, you will need tiles that are finished only on the face and one edge. Outside corners—those that project into the room—require tiles finished on the face, the top, and one side. If you use tile with a profile, you’ll need a special outside-corner tile. Not all tile manufacturers or lines include these special pieces. The baseboard area, at the junction of wall and floor, is another opportunity for a decorative border. If you used a color band at the top of the tiled wall, a second band of color would work well at the bottom. If not, consider a base tile that is taller than the wainscot tiles. You can choose base tiles with a profile that incorporates a radius to meet the floor tiles. cutting the tiles around the perimeter to fit. These guidelines recommend centering the pattern on either a tile or a grout line, depending on which choice results in the largest tiles around the edges of the room. This is a good place to start, but you may want to adjust your design in response to other features in the room. One of the typical ways your eye determines whether a pattern is centered is by comparing the end tiles: If the tiles on each end are equal in size, you assume the pattern is centered. However, if your eye cannot easily compare the end tiles to each other, you’ll look for other cues, such as alignment. Sometimes, especially in large rooms, it is preferable to center tiles along lines of sight or movement. By following this strategy, the tile pattern is centered on the person using the bathroom. Tiles centered on the entry door are centered on the person who walks through that door; wall tiles centered on the sink and on the mirror above are centered on the person looking in that mirror. Tiles centered on the showerhead and control valves also are centered on the person using the shower. If tile has been centered on the key sink and shower walls, the layout frequently is mirrored on the opposite wall. Centering tile on the sink and the shower controls may be difficult if the sink and the shower are on the same continuous wall; but this design should be possible if the distance between the centerline of the shower or tub fittings and the sink is a multiple of the tile size. Mark out the tile design before any rough plumbing work is done; then adjust fixture placements as required for the most attractive finished room. Alignment and centering of fixtures, tiles, and sightlines reinforces the organizing principles of the design. People subconsciously find that reinforcement reassuring and, consequently, attractive. Lynn Hopkins (www. lhopkinsarch. com), an architect specializing in residential design, is based in Lexington, Massachusetts. Floor Tiles Take a Cue From the Walls Floor tiles need to be more durable and slipresistant than wall tiles, so be sure to select a type intended for floor installation. The safety and durability characteristics of floor tiles may give them a different look than that of wall tiles. To tie the two surfaces together visually, use the same color, texture, pattern, or other design feature from the walls in the flooring. In a traditional bath, for instance, you might use a border of the same color on the walls and the floor. Another strategy is a floor patterned with a mix of small and large tiles, where the color of the small tiles matches that of the wall tile. Smaller tiles result in more grout lines, which give the floor more texture and make it less slippery. The additional grout is more susceptible to dirt and mildew, however. Center Tile Layout on Entries and Fixtures Many tile-layout guidelines suggest positioning the layout on the center of the room and Bathroom-Tile Design 81 1 BatHroom projects Details from Great Bathrooms Benches, shelves, and hooks. Don’t overlook the convenience of a small bench where you can sit and shave, shelves that can hold soap and shampoo, and some open wall space for towel hooks and bars. 82 Tile put to good use. Variations in tile size highlight architectural details, while glassblock tiles let in plenty of light. Bold and beautiful. the play of light and color in this bathroom isn’t an accident. t’s what happens when an architect plans a bathroom remodel with an artist. Details from Great Bathrooms 83 accentuate the positive. Large, rectangular porcelain tiles installed vertically draw attention to the shower’s high ceiling while the mosaic-tile floor provides plenty of traction. liven up a bland room. Blue and white mosaics splash color across the sink wall in this st. paul, minnesota, remodel. Color coordination. staying in the same color family ties together the mosaic pebble floor and the wall of sleek subway tiles. Updating a tradition. Designed to capture the calm richness of traditional japanese architecture but with a modern focus, this bathroom was created with wall and shower tiles by casalgrande padana and custom-cut slate floor tiles. 84 Bathroom Projects Balancing the budget. saving on white ceramic floor and wall tile freed up money for the aquacolored glass mosaic wall tile. let loose. a child’s bathroom is a great place to have fun with tile. this bathroom features a whimsical countertop of brightly colored tile. Use tile to differentiate. on the floor, a switch from 13-in. eramic tile to 2-in. tile (by cerim ceramiche) distinguishes the shower from the dry part of the room. on the walls, a mosaic strip (by ceramica tres estilos) adds zip. Details from Great Bathrooms 85 2 KITChen projeCTs Putting Tile to Work in the Kitchen by Lane Meehan O ur black Lab, Bogey, is a walking mud factory and sheds so much that for tile are granite, marble, and limestone, with granite being the hardest. Stone in its natural state is porous, so wherever it’s used in a kitchen, it must be sealed to resist staining and discoloration. Stone tile has color all the way through, so deep scratches won’t expose a different base color. However, a highly polished surface on a stone tile seems to accentuate even the smallest scratches. Stone can be installed on floors, countertops or backsplashes; however, it does tend to be a high-maintenance product. On the other hand, ceramic tile is made from clay rolled flat and either sun-baked or fired in a kiln. There are hundreds of different clays, each with its own characteristics that can vary the tile’s performance. Color is applied to ceramic tile in the form of baked-on glazes that also seal the tile. In the past, ceramic-tile finishes had problems standing up to heavy use and abuse, but with recent technical advances, ceramic tile now performs better than it used to. With most ceramic tile, the color is he should be bald. When it came time to choose tile for our kitchen floor, we looked for tile that would help disguise evidence of Bogey and our three active boys. We chose a tile that looks like stone but in a color and finish that could hide dirt and dog hair until I had a spare moment to run the vacuum. Our choice was based primarily on ease of maintenance, just one consideration when choosing kitchen tile. As a tile-store owner with a background in design, I field questions all the time about incorporating tile into clients’ kitchens. This chapter addresses the questions I am asked most frequently. What Types of Tile Can I Choose From? The two most basic categories of tile are stone and ceramic. Stone tile is a natural product, mined or quarried directly from the earth. The three most common stones used 86 Tile outlines and defines kitchen spaces. a tile border gives the island in this kitchen, designed by Tim Quigley of Minneapolis, its own separate visual space. The backsplash behind the stove forms a functional accent. Putting Tile to Work in the Kitchen 87 just on the surface, so deep scratches expose the clay below. Porcelain is another manmade tile product. Porcelain is much denser than ordinary ceramic, making it harder to scratch and break. But as with stone, the shinier the surface of ceramic or porcelain, the more scratches will show. So I try not to use highgloss tiles anywhere in a kitchen except on backsplashes, areas that are less susceptible to scratching. In the past, porcelain has been more expensive than ceramic, but improvements in technology have reduced the price. Beyond the amount of gloss, tile finishes can vary greatly. Tile finishes are graded by their ability to resist wear due to traffic; a light-industrial tile has a higher durability rating than most residential-grade tiles. Industrial-rated tile is a bit more expensive, but the extra cost makes sense if your kitchen resembles a freeway. In addition to a durability rating, the Tile Council of America (see â€Å"Sources† on p. 94) gives tile a coefficient of friction (COF) rating, which indicates how slippery the surface will be underfoot. But if the tile feels too smooth or too slick to the touch, it will probably be too slippery to use on the floor. How Do Lifestyle and Lighting Affect Choices? The first thing I ask clients about is their family, their lifestyle, and the way their kitchen is going to be used. For example, for a client who has a large family or who does a lot of entertaining, the kitchen is a busy hub with a casual atmosphere. For this kitchen, I might suggest warm-colored tile with perhaps a softer stone look. After the client’s lifestyle, I look at the type of lighting in the kitchen. If it is blessed with a great deal of natural light from windows or skylights, tumbled marble tile or tile with a matte finish will absorb light and create a softer look (see the photo on p. 90). A textured surface on the tile softens the effect even further. On the other hand, tile with a glossy finish reflects light and helps brighten areas of a kitchen that are dimly lighted or that receive little or no natural light. Remember that glossy tile used in a kitchen with a lot of light, either natural or artificial, requires more frequent cleaning because fingerprints and water spots tend to show up more. When choosing tile, I also look at the color and finish of the cabinets and countertops. If the counters and cabinets have a matte or satin finish, then I try to keep the same feel in the floors and the backsplash. By the same token, if the kitchen has the Tile Offers Almost Endless Options Multipurpose porcelain Ceramic wall tile with blue crackle glaze Commercial ceramic wall tile Rosso-Verona tumbled marble Handmade glazed wall tile Handmade sanded floor tile Porcelain floor tile Limestone tile Stone look-alike ceramic tile Marble floor or wall tile 88 Kitchen Projects Ceramic Tile: Porcelain vs. Nonporcelain l tiles made of clay and cured by heat are ceramic tiles. However, ceramic tile is best understood by dividing it into two product classifications: porcelain and nonporcelain. Their availability and look are roughly the same, but their durability is not. Thanks to a balance in the market, porcelain tiles can now be had at nearly the same price as nonporcelain products. a when the tiles are glazed. Also, when some porcelain tiles are glazed, they are no longer guaranteed to be frostproof. nonporcelain tile is easier to work with Nonporcelain tiles are made primarily of clay mixed with minerals and water. The material is then fired to solidify the tiles into a bisque form. This process creates tile that isn’t as hard as porcelain, so it can be worked more easily with basic snap cutters and nippers instead of a wet saw. In most cases, a sealer and a glaze are applied to the surface of nonporcelain tile to create color and texture before the tile receives a second firing. The glaze applied to nonporcelain tile can make it extremely durable, but never as durable as porcelain. Nonporcelain tile’s main weakness is that it has a water-absorption rate of greater than 0. %. As a result, the tile doesn’t perform nearly as well as unglazed porcelain tile in outdoor freeze/thaw environments. porcelain tile is more durable Porcelain tiles are created by mixing porcelain clay and very finely ground sand, and curing them with high heat and pressure. Porcelain tile is denser and harder than nonporcelain tile and has a lower water-absorption rate of 0. 5% or less. Porcelainâ€⠄¢s density makes it highly resistant to physical damage, while its low absorption rate makes the tile frost resistant, allowing it to be used outdoors. Unglazed porcelain tile is sought after for its full-body characteristics, which means its color remains consistent throughout the tile. Surface scratches and damage are less noticeable as a result, a benefit that diminishes The top choice when strength matters most. although nonporcelain tiles can be quite durable, none are as resilient as porcelain. Buy what looks good. even though damage to nonporcelain tiles is more noticeable than with some porcelain tile, they can be purchased in grades that are perfectly suited for high-contact areas like kitchen counters and floors. Putting Tile to Work in the Kitchen 89 Tile can act as a dimmer switch. This kitchen gets lots of light from two sides. The natural colors and matte finish of the tumbled-marble countertop and backsplash help soften the light and cut down on glare in a kitchen with a lot of windows. polished, streamlined look of many contemporary kitchens, I suggest a straightforward tile pattern with a glossy finish. Tile color can make a large contribution toward a warm or cool feel in a kitchen. The earthy tones of limestone or tumbled marble are the warmest of the tile colors, while bright whites and blues tend to be quite cool. But even cool colors can be warmed with colored grout. For example, an ivory or off-white grout color can take the cool edge off bright white. The reverse can be true if you’re trying to achieve a formal or industrial feel with gray or blue tile. A steel-gray grout helps create a crisp, cool look. A quick vacuum and an occasional mopping, and you’re off and running. If cooking and entertaining are big parts of your life, then I’d suggest tile that won’t stain if hot grease and oil or an occasional glass of wine is spilled on it. A glazed ceramic tile works best in this situation, but for an Old World look, you can use a real stone, such as limestone. If you select a stone-tile floor, be sure to treat it with a good sealer according to the manufacturer’s directions. We recommend either Miracle Sealants’ Porous Plus or One Master Marble and Stone Care’s Gold Shield (see â€Å"Sources† on p. 94) for sealing stone tile. No matter what tile you choose for your kitchen floor, the grout should also be sealed. To make the grout more impervious to spills and stains, I recommend starting with a latex-modified grout or one that is mixed with a latex additive instead of water. Once the grout has cured properly, a sealer such as Miracle Sealants’ Porous Plus will fight off most food incursions. Another grout option is epoxy, which is stain resistant and does not require sealing. But because epoxy is harder to work with for the installer, we generally use it for smaller Will My Three Boys and the Family Dog Hurt My Tile Floor? A client’s lifestyle has the biggest bearing on the choice of floor tile. If you’d rather spend time with your three growing boys than take care of your kitchen floor, I suggest tile that hides a multitude of sins (and dirt) and always seems to look nice, such as a ceramic-stone look-alike (see the photo on the facing page). 90 Kitchen Projects No time for cleaning? For busy, active families with kids and pets, consider a tile floor with a lot of color variations such as this stone look-alike. It stays better looking longer between cleanings. areas, such as countertops. With some tile, such as limestone, epoxy grout is not recommended, so be sure to check with manufacturers’ suggestions. some sort of threshold to create a clean transition into the next room. Tile thickness can also affect doors that swing into the kitchen, as well as appliances, such as dishwashers or trash compactors, that have to fit under the countertops in a kitchen. How Does a Tile Floor Relate to Adjacent Rooms? The kitchen-floor tile should help establish a visual flow into the surrounding areas, so I ask clients about the colors and materials on the floors of the rooms that are adjoining the kitchen. For example, if the kitchen floor joins up with a dark wood floor in the dining room, consider using tile with a warm, medium color to cut down on the visual contrast between rooms. If the kitchen floor meets colored carpet in an adjacent room, keep in mind that you’ll probably change the carpet at some point, so choose a neutral tile color that will go with future carpet choices. Tile thickness is another consideration. Whether the kitchen floor butts up against other existing tile, hardwood floors, or carpet, the tile installer will need to install Can Tile Make My Tiny Kitchen Look Bigger? Tile layout can have a big impact on a room’s appearance. While a parallel or straight pattern can intensify the narrowness of a kitchen, a diagonal tile pattern makes a room look wider (see the sidebar on p. 93). Tile size can also affect the appearance of the room. The smaller the tile, the busier the grout–joint pattern. The simple grout–joint pattern you get with larger 10-in. to 12-in. tiles can make a small room look larger. Smaller 4-in. to 6-in. iles on a floor can have the opposite effect, creating a mosaic pattern or a cobblestone look. Clipping the corners of square tiles creates hexagons or octagons with small square spaces left between. The small tiles (called Putting Tile to Work in the Kitchen 91 dots) that fill the spaces can introduce a dash of color to the floor in a patter n that breaks up the simple straight lines. Irregular tile patterns such as block random (using three sizes of tile) or a pinwheel pattern can help unify a kitchen that has many entrances and exits. These patterns also work well to blend together tile that is highly varied in color. A tile border on the floor can make a kitchen look cozier by bringing the eye in or by creating a frame around the kitchen table or an island (see the photo on p. 87). slab. And with granite tile, it’s easy to add a border to accent or complement the color of the stone. One drawback to stone tile on a countertop is the edges. Although you can round over the edges, granite tile is thinner than a solid slab (3? 8 in. to 1? 2 in. compared with 11? 4 in. , normal thickness for a granite slab), so it’s tougher to get the same full-slab look. Another drawback is not being able to install an undermount sink with granite tile. Although the tight grout joints of granite tile create a good, smooth work surface, machine-made ceramic tile with standard grout joints makes a slightly rougher work surface. Handmade tile is usually installed with wider grout joints that are charming, but its inherently bumpy surface can be difficult to work on and can cause wine glasses and bowls to tip over (see the photos at left). The edges of a tile countertop can be addressed in various ways. Continuing the tile over the edge gives the countertop a thick look. Relief tile, such as a rope pattern, can turn countertop edges into a visual focal point. Wooden edges that match or complement cabinets are also popular. As on floors, borders on countertops can add decoration. But if it’s used in too large an area or if a lot of items are stored on the counter, a border can be lost or distracting. Tile can also be combined with other types of surfaces for a dramatic look (see the photo on p. 90). For instance, the savings from tiling most of the countertop might leave enough money for a solid slab of granite in the sink area for an undermount sink. A stone slab or a wood surface on only the island could make a bold statement while providing a smooth surface for an informal eating area. Is Tile OK for a Kitchen Countertop? Granite-slab countertops have long been popular in high-end kitchens. Tile countertops, both ceramic and stone, have some of the same attributes as slabs, such as durability and heat resistance, but at less than half the cost, depending on the tile you choose. Granite tile can be installed with tight grout joints to give the impression of a solid Handmade tile is pretty but uneven. The irregular surface of handmade ceramic tile is a challenge to work on and can be hazardous to wine glasses. Cutting boards should always be used on tile countertops. 92 Kitchen Projects Tile Patterns at Work he right pattern can make a kitchen look wider. Floor tile installed in a straight pattern makes a narrow room seem narrower (see the left photo below) while tile in a T diagonal pattern softens the tunnel effect of a long, narrow kitchen, making it seem wider (see the right photo below). Can Tile Be Used as a Cutting Board? Although few tile or stone surfaces can stand up to a sharp kitchen knife, most hold up well under other kitchen rigors such as abuse from pots and pans. Limestone scratches easily, but those scratches can be sanded out. Surfaces such as glossy tile or highly polished granite tend to show marks more readily, and their scratches are harder to remove or cover up. Stone or ceramic tile with a matte finish tends to hide scratches and surface abrasions better. Stone tile is also porous, so it has to be sealed properly to resist staining from things such as red wine and grease. And some ceramic tiles, as well as polished stone such as granite or marble, can lose their shine when exposed to some food acids. As in floors, latex-modified grout should be used on tiled countertops along with a good coat of grout sealer. Again, epoxy grout, which costs a little more and is a little harder to install, will make the grout impenetrable. Should the Backsplash Blend or Make a Splash? A tile backsplash is the spot where you can be really creative with tile in the kitchen (see the photos on p. 94). Because a backsplash functions to protect the wall from splashes and splatters that come from cooking and preparing food, the only prerequisite is that backsplash tile be easy to keep clean. Beyond that, the choices become mainly aesthetic. I always ask clients how much stuff they plan to keep on their countertops. Toasters, microwaves, and canisters tend to block the backsplash, and in that case, the backsplash just provides a backdrop of color and tex- Putting Tile to Work in the Kitchen 93 sources Miracle Sealants Company 800-350-1901 www. miraclesealants. com ture. I usually recommend extending the tile from the countertop all the way to the bottoms of the wall cabinets so that the backsplash acts as a visual connection between the upper and lower cabinets. Borders usually work best above long stretches of counter that are uninterrupted by windows or appliances. And when installed three-quarters of the way up the backsplash, a border won’t get lost near the countertop or under the wall cabinets. At that height, a border will usually clear the height of the toaster or a bowl of fruit for a continuous line. If the client is thinking of having decorative tiles scattered randomly throughout the backsplash, I suggest taping playing cards to the wall at random to see if the effect works in that particular kitchen. Playing cards can also be used in a line to test the visual power of a border. Isn’t Tile Expensive? Tile varies greatly in price, and budget is a concern for the vast majority of my clients. So here’s my strategy for keeping costs down. First, use reasonably priced machinemade tile for large areas in the kitchen. Then there will be money left for those handmade borders, small murals, or strategically placed accent tiles that will give your kitchen a rich look without breaking the bank (see the right photo below). Installation prices can vary greatly depending on the type of tile, the layout, and the conditions of the existing floors and walls. A tile installer can explain what your options are and how much each option costs. Even if you opt for a less expensive installation, always seal the tile. Sealing tile is pretty easy, so you can save a little by doing it yourself. Spend some money on a good sealer. Lane Meehan is a tile maker and designer of decorative tiles. She and her husband, Tom, own and manage Cape Cod Tileworks in Harwich, Massachusetts. orous plus One Master Marble and Stone Care 760-406-1097 www. onemastermarble. com Gold shield The Tile Council of America 864-646-8453 www. tileusa. com Tile Art and Accents he backsplash of cows in a pasture (see the left photo below) in this kitchen designed by Randy Fritz of Lakeside, Calif. , combines the art of Roger Dunham of Petaluma, Calif. , with the practicality of T ceramic tile. Random decorative tiles in a backsplash of less expens ive, machine-made tile (see the right photo below) give this kitchen a colorful accent. 94 Kitchen Projects How to cite Architectural Textbook on How to Draw Perspective, Essay examples

Stakeholders views on the expansion of the Lydd Airport

Introduction Lydd Airport (London Ashford Airport) is located in the United Kingdom, (LYDD, 2010, pp.1), and in 2003, the government proposed its expansion to ease congestion in the South East. The airport currently offers services to the regional market and its expansion is seen as a sure way of increasing air transport demand in the UK.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Stakeholders views on the expansion of the Lydd Airport specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since it serves locally, the Lydd Airport has the potential of meeting the needs of the local market through the provision of domestic and business flights. In addition, the expansion of this airport will contribute towards the creation of employment as the airline will need more staff to cater for its growing market. It is also seen as a way to promote tourism in the East Sussex and Kent due to the stimulation of Romney Marsh. Other than this, the expansion o f the Lydd Airport is seen as the perfect way to rid the Southeast of airspace and runway congestion which has for the longest time plagued the industry (LYDD, 2010, pp.1). The aim of this assessment is to evaluate the role of different stakeholders and the policy and planning issues associated with the development of Lydd airport. Stakeholders views on the potential development of the Lydd Airport The potential development of the Lydd Airport has attracted many stakeholders from various organisations according to a report done by London Ashford Airport (2010, pp. 13-15). These organisations include the county councils, the district councils, the parish councils, and a number of members of parliament, non governmental organisations, business partners and statutory bodies. The Lydd Airport’s expansion proposal has brought about many issues which are tabled by most of the stakeholders. To begin with, the Shepway Councillors who are key stakeholders in the project have endorsed it citing the many benefits that this expansion will offer to the people of Shepway according to the report presented by LAA News (2010). The chief councillor, Mr. Gordon feels that this will be a call for investors to Shepway and by doing so; there will be many employment opportunities for the residents. He also sees it as a developmental project that will take Shepway to a new level owing to the facilities that will be set up courtesy of the expansion. He cites that this will lead to the development of this area and others as well. This will contribute to the well being of the local communities and the young people in this area will have the opportunity of benefiting from this expansion. This move is also seen as prime in the empowerment of the local people as it will seek to shift power from the government and put it directly into the people’s hands (LAA News, 2010). Environmentalists are also among the stakeholders and their major concern is that this area, which is a wil dlife site will be destroyed and that is why the expansion must stop.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Known as the Dungeness, in England’s south east corner, this area plays habitat to water birds, invertebrates and unique plants which definitely act as a tourist attraction. The views that the stakeholders have on this proposed expansion is that the natural tranquillity of this site will be destroyed massively. This is occasioned by the fact that the airport looks at increasing its market base from 4,000 passengers to 500,000 passengers a year according to Fact Files (2010, pp. 1-2). The stakeholders feel that this idea will be hazardous in the sense that the beautiful wildlife will disappear due to noise pollution as well as other pollutants that would come with an airport of such magnitude. This area has not only been declared a National Nature Reserve (NNR) but als o a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) and thus allowing the mentioned expansion activities would cause humongous harm to the tranquillity of this haven. Some of the stakeholders feel that such intended destruction is uncalled for as this site holds a lot of meaning to the wildlife. This move will also reflect negatively on the tourism industry since there will be nothing to view in a few years to come. The rich wildlife will have succumbed to the pollution and other disturbances and will be forced to migrate to more habitable areas. In addition, this move will harm the environment in the sense that there will be huge gas emissions which will contribute highly to global warming. If anything, the government should be working harder to avert the destructive climate changes. The Queen is not party to this and has even contributed to the Airport Economic Regulation Bill which rules out expansion to create new runways (Fact File, 2010, pp. 1-2). Another concern that has been brought abou t by stakeholders about the expansion of this airport is that other than it being next to a bird sanctuary, it has close proximity to the Dungeness Nuclear Power Station according to the study done by Richard (2010, pp.3). This is a potential danger as the safety of the people has been overlooked. The questions being asked include what would happen if the planes hit a reactor. This would cause deaths and destruction and that is why many stakeholders argue that this expansion is doomed. On the other hand, some stakeholders feel that the expansion of the Lydd Airport will be a blessing in disguise. First of all, this expansion will create employment opportunities as a result of the numerous posts it will come with according to a study done by Sshafi (2009, pp. 1-4).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Stakeholders views on the expansion of the Lydd Airport specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is seen as a prime proje ct that will bring investors to London and this will translate to a rich economy. It is seen as potential to opening up new businesses since the interactions by travellers will lead to partnerships. The town of Shepway is seen as a major beneficially of the expansion program due to its proximity to the airport. Other concerns that have come up as a result of this expansion are that Romney Marsh is the only countryside that the people of UK can boast of according to (Aslet, 2010, pp. 1-20). Allowing the expansion is synonymous to destroying this beautiful land due to the air and noise pollution bound to come with this venture. This move is therefore seen as selfish and hypocritical for people only interested in fattening their bank accounts. They may see this as the only option to ease air and runway congestion but on the other hand, they must never overlook the environmental dangers this expansion will pose to the people of Romney Marsh. The choice of the name, ‘London Ashford Airport’ is also disturbing in the sense that the airport is neither in Ashford or London, (pp. 9-10), and the Saudi Arabian businessman behind this project is just after killing many birds with ones tone. Romney Marsh has rich soils that supply most of the UK with apples and this will soon be a thing of the past since they will be cut down. The rewarding qualities of this therapeutic land will be lost if this expansion sees the light of day. The famous breed of sheep, Romney Marsh, originated form this beautiful countryside and the expansion will definitely make them extinct due to pollution. The prospects on employment could be there if the expansion was successful but these are not seen to benefit the local people. If anything, the better paying jobs will go to the highly skilled people and the locals may end up getting low paying jobs like being baggage handlers (Aslet, 2010, pp. 1-20). The Friends of the Earth environmental group challenges the expansion of the Lydd air port citing carbon emissions which will lead to environmental degradation. The Britain government is for this expansion and there are doubts if it will release the true figures on carbon dioxide emissions. As a result, it is viewed by the Friends of the Earth group as insensitive about an issue that it is supposed to spearhead by limiting carbon emissions. This can only be achieved by limiting airport expansions and in fact discouraging the expansion of the Lydd Airport (KMSA, 2008, pp. 2).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is a fact according to the Full News Archive (2010, pp.7) that most of the carbon emissions are attributed to aviation industries and it is disturbing that the Climate Change Bill has conveniently decided not to include aviation emissions. This group is therefore advocating for the inclusion of aviation emissions in the Climate Change Bill, a move that is being supported by key figures like the Environmental Audit Committee, scientist, campaigners and a section of members of parliament. Natural England is another stakeholder that is voicing its concerns on the ills of developing the Lydd Airport according to Brede Community (2010, pp. 1-11). This body had advised against the expansion of this airport but the Shepway DC went ahead to endorse it. It is therefore challenging this decision with the intention of revoking it citing the various harms that will come with this project. This body works closely with planning and developing authorities on where new developments would be best established. They ensure that these locations are not potentially harmful and that the project to be developed does not pose any direct or indirect threat to the inhabitants. This body also ensures that the project is helpful to the people and that its benefits are sustainable. They also look into environmental issues whereby they advice against the initiating the project if it has the potential of polluting the environment. In this case, the expansion of the Lydd Airport poses a great danger to nature in the sense that it will harm the site which is regarded highly due t o its many attractions. This site has been declared a conservation site and is applauded both nationally and internationally by the many visitors who frequent it. The reasons why Natural England is against this expansion are that the developer has not satisfied the board that he will ensure that the project poses no danger to the environment. The developer has also not put down clear measures on the protection of birds in this area. He has also not met the required air quality requirements and it is a fact that the pollution brought about by the airplanes will affect the habitat as well as the ecosystem (Brede Community, 2010, pp. 1-11). Conclusion The role of different stakeholders and the policy and planning issues associated with the development of Lydd airport take prominence in this paper. According to the research, there are various issues that have been brought about by the various stakeholders involved in the potential development of the Lydd Airport. There are both positive and negative benefits that are highlighted by the stakeholders and the negatives seem to take prominence. The various environmental bodies highlighted in this paper are discouraging the expansion of this airport. They have presented strong cases which mostly lie in environment related issues. The aviation industry is among the highest carbon emitting industries and this expansion will lead to climate issues. The whole world is at the moment engaged in a fight against air pollution through carbon emissions which lead to global warming. The Lydd management is not seen to have the right measures in place on how to deal with this sensitive issue. In addition, the Lydd Airport is in a neighbourhood that acts as a habitat to unique flora and fauna that attracts both local and international tourists. The noise and air pollution that will emanate from this project will lead to their decline. Some of the benefits associated with this expansion include creation of employment opportunities, opening up scopes for investors, as well as developing this part of the United Kingdom. With the bad outweighing the good, the mood is heavy with anticipation on whether the expansion will kick off. It is only time that will tell if the interested parties weigh the merits against the demerits and reach a sound decision. References Aslet, C., 2010. Romney Marsh and keeping the Lydd on aviation pressures. The  Tele graph, 8 July. P. 4. Brede Community. (2010). Lydd Airport Decision: Natural England writes to GOSE.  Brede Parish Council, Web. Available at: http://www.brede.org.uk/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=142catid=1Itemid=18  . Fact File. (2010). Lydd Airport: What are we fighting for? The Royal Society for the  Protection of Birds, Web. Available at: http://www.rspb.org.uk/ourwork/casework/details.aspx?id=tcm:9- 227827  . Full News Archive. (2010). Keep the Marsh special Alliance. Carbon emissions higher  than government admits, Web. Available at: http://www.lyddairport-noexpansion.co.uk/news.php  . KMSA. (2008). A challenge to Gordon Brown on Airport Expansions. No expansion Group, Web. Available at: http://www.lyddairport-noexpansion.co.uk/news.php#news_11022008  . LAA News. (2010). Stakeholders views on the development of the Lydd Airport, Web. Available at: http://www.lydd-airport.co.uk/news.asp  . London Ashford Airport. (2010). Stakeholder consultation st rategy. London Ashford  Airport, Web. Available at: http://www.lyddairport.co.uk/documents/Community_Consultation_Strategy_290306.PDF  . LYDD. (2010). Expansion at Lydd Airport. London Ashford airport, Web.  Available at: http://www.lydd-airport.co.uk/expansion.html  . Richard, A. (2010). Craven council approves expansion of Lydd Airport. Bringing the  aviation industry back down to earth, Web. Available at: http://www.planestupid.com/2010/03/5/craven-council-approves- expansion-lydd-airport . Sshafi, B. (2009). Shepway’s top cop welcomes benefits of airport expansion plans.  Lydd Airport Expansion, Web.  Available at: http://www.thisiskent.co.uk/news/Shepway-s-cop-approves-Lydd-Airport-expansion-plans/article-734167-detail/article.html  . This essay on Stakeholders views on the expansion of the Lydd Airport was written and submitted by user Alana Gutierrez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Teenage Parenthood

another peer has stated about them. For me, teenage years were a very different scenario. I attended high school just like my peers with an enormous difference. Directly after the school day ended, I had adult responsibilities. My countless nights of lost sleep were not spent thinking about the prom or stressing about what someone else had said about me. The lack of sleep I suffered was due to caring for an infant. I also quickly learned the emotional hardships of becoming a teenage parent. Friends became scarce; I had nothing in common with peers outside the classroom. Most did not want to hear about my son reaching memorable milestones and most certainly did not want to hear about me spending the entire night in the emergency room with him. As if complex friendships weren’t enough, treatment from school personnel quite possibly had the most negative impact on my emotions. Judgme... Free Essays on Teenage Parenthood Free Essays on Teenage Parenthood Teenage Parenthood There are many struggles involved with becoming a teenage parent. I have endured varying degrees of support and negativity from peers, and school staff. Simultaneously, I became a statistic. I was a typical teenager, I had many dreams, and high hopes of a bright future. This was all put on hold following the birth of my son between my sophomore and junior years of high school. Determined to beat all odds, I unselfishly placed my own ambitions in a back seat position to care for the life of another. Fortunately, I had patient and understanding parents. They pledged to care for my baby during the day while I continued my high school education, but stressed he would be my sole responsibility when not at school. Most teenagers spend these years hanging out with friends, attending after school activities, and talking on the phone for countless hours. Typical teens also use a great deal of emotional energy stressing over seemingly insignificant details such as the perfect prom attire and negative words another peer has stated about them. For me, teenage years were a very different scenario. I attended high school just like my peers with an enormous difference. Directly after the school day ended, I had adult responsibilities. My countless nights of lost sleep were not spent thinking about the prom or stressing about what someone else had said about me. The lack of sleep I suffered was due to caring for an infant. I also quickly learned the emotional hardships of becoming a teenage parent. Friends became scarce; I had nothing in common with peers outside the classroom. Most did not want to hear about my son reaching memorable milestones and most certainly did not want to hear about me spending the entire night in the emergency room with him. As if complex friendships weren’t enough, treatment from school personnel quite possibly had the most negative impact on my emotions. Judgme...

The 17 Largest College Football Stadiums in America

The 17 Largest College Football Stadiums in America SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Attending home football games can be a huge part of the college experience. Camping out for tickets, tailgating for hours on game day, and cheering their teams on to victory in packed stadiums are cherished memories for countless college alumni. While you shouldn’t choose your college solely for its football team or stadium, if you think you would enjoy the atmosphere of big-time college sports, then it’s reasonable for the athletics environment at a school to play a role in your college decision. In this article, I’ll provide you with a list of the 17 largest college football stadiums in the country. To give you some perspective on the size of these stadiums, the largest NFL stadium, Met Life Stadium, would only be number 16 on this list. These are not only the largest college football stadiums, but they're also the largest stadiums in the country. The List of the Largest College Football Stadiums in the United States #1: Michigan Stadium- University of Michigan Wolverines (107,601) Facts Third largest stadium in the world behind Rungnado May Day Stadium in North Korea and Salt Lake Stadium in India Nicknamed "The Big House" The first game was played there on October 1, 1927 between Michigan and Ohio Wesleyan #2: Beaver Stadium- Penn State University Nittany Lions (106,572) Facts Built in 1960 in a horseshoe configuration seating 46,284 Lights were added in 1984 The stadium is named for James A. Beaver, a brigadier general for the Union Army in the Civil War who served as governor of Pennsylvania and president of the University's Board of Trustees #3: Kyle Field- Texas AM University Aggies (102,512) Facts In 2015, the capacity was increased from 82,600 Known as the "Home of the 12th Man" Largest stadium in the SEC #4: Ohio Stadium- The Ohio State University Buckeyes (104,944) Facts Built in 1922 for $1.3 million Refurbished in 2001 for slightly more than $194 million Known as "The Horseshoe" for its horseshoe configuration #5: Neyland Stadium- University of Tennessee Volunteers (102,455) Facts Named for General Robert Neyland, Tennessee football head coach from 1926-1952 Opened in 1921 as Shields-Watkins Field More than 25 million people have attended football games at Neyland Stadium #6: Tiger Stadium- Louisiana State University Tigers (102,321) Facts The first game played at Tiger Stadium was in 1924 against Tulane The first night game was played in 1931 against Spring Hill Since the NCAA began compiling attendance records in 1957, LSU has averaged 77,647 spectators for its games in Tiger Stadium #7: Bryant-Denny Stadium- University of Alabama Crimson Tide (101, 821) Facts Denny Stadium opened in 1929 with a 55-0 victory over Mississippi College The stadium was renamed Bryant-Denny Stadium in 1976 in honor of Coach Paul Bryant Alabama has won more than 80% of its games in Bryant-Denny Stadium #8: Darrell K Royal-Texas Memorial Stadium- University of Texas-Austin Longhorns (100,119) Facts The original stadium was completed in 1924 and dedicated to the Texans who lost their lives in World War I In 1977, the stadium was rededicated to the memories of all alumni who had fought in all American wars The stadium was officially named after football coach Darrell K. Royal in 1996 #9: Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum- University of Southern California Trojans (93,067) Facts The Coliseum is jointly owned by the State of California, Los Angeles County, and the City of Los Angeles The Coliseum has hosted two Olympic games, in 1932 and 1984 The Los Angeles Dodgers of Major League Baseball played at the Coliseum from 1958-1962 #10: Sanford Stadium- University of Georgia Bulldogs (92,746) Facts Named for Dr. SV Sanford, former president of the university It was opened in 1929 It hosted the medal round of the 1996 Olympic men's and women's soccer competition #11: Rose Bowl- UCLA Bruins (92,542) Facts The Rose Bowl has hosted five Super Bowls It was built in 1922, but it wasn't home to UCLA's football games until 1982 Site of the New Year's Tournament of Roses Football Game #12: Memorial Stadium- University of Nebraska-Lincoln Cornhuskers (92,000) Facts Every home football game has sold out since 1962 Statues of former Nebraska coach Tom Osborne and former Nebraska quarterback Brook Berringer can be found outside the north side of the stadium When full, Memorial Stadium holds more people than any Nebraska city other than Omaha and Lincoln #13: Ben Hill Griffin Stadium- University of Florida Gators (88,548) Facts More commonly known as "The Swamp" "The Swamp" was coined by former coach Steve Spurrier in the 1990's The stadium was originally constructed in 1930 #14: Jordan-Hare Stadium- Auburn University Tigers (87,451) Facts The stadium is named for Ralph "Shug" Jordan, Auburn's all-time winningest football coach, and Clifford Leroy Hare, a member of Auburn's first football team and president of the Southern Conference The turf is known as Pat Dye Field, named after former coach Pat Dye In 1939, the first game was played there to a 7-7 tie against the University of Florida #15: Doak Campbell Stadium- Florida State University Seminoles (82,300) Facts In 2004, the turf was named Bobby Bowden Field after legendary coach Bobby Bowden Doak Campbell Stadium opened on October 7,1950 when Florida State defeated Randolph-Macon 40-7. It's named after Doak S. Campbell, president of the university at the time of its construction #16: Gaylord Family Oklahoma Memorial Stadium- University of Oklahoma Sooners (82,112) Facts The stadium opened October 20,1923 against Washington University (Missouri) Also known as "The Palace on the Prairie" During the Great Depression and Dust Bowl, the stadium served as a dorm for young men attending the university #17: Memorial Stadium- Clemson University Tigers (81,500) Facts More commonly known as "Death Valley" Stadium opened on September 19, 1942 with a 32-13 victory over Presbyterian College Much of the construction of the stadium was done by scholarship athletes What's Next? Whether the athletics environment of the school is a factor in your college decision or not, I highly recommend that you review this article on how to choose a college. If you subscribe to the philosophy that "bigger is better," check out this post on the biggest colleges in America. If you prefer to have smaller classes and be part of a close-knit community, learn about the best small colleges. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Summary and conclusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Summary and conclusion - Essay Example Investigations need to be carried out in order to create a pollution free shed. Urban stream parameters of shed need to be investigated as well. Major reasons that these investigations should be carried out are to identify the presence of heavy metals in the shed and to make sure that they stay in required limits or steps taken if their quantity increases. Investigations should also be carried out on shed’s river basin to ascertain its water quality and to render it fit for use or otherwise. Industrial wastes, use of land for ecological contamination and mixing of shed’s water with wastes are the reasons behind these investigations too. Three groups were established for the purpose of investigation. Each group was assigned to analyze the water shed for three different types of contaminants namely heavy metals, Nutrients and the third group would conduct a site survey. The presence and quantity of heavy metals such as Alkalinity and chromium etc. and nutrients such as ni trates and phosphates etc was to be ascertained by the groups. Site survey group was supposed to analyze water for turbidity, ammonia and chlorine etc. Samples were taken and sent to lab tests specific for each of the analyte performed. The results were recorded in PPM i.e. parts per million. The sample turning Pink, Dark pink and Dark blue indicated the presence of Alkalinity, Chromium and Copper. For nutrients, A dark blue color indicated phosphates, Dark pink color indicated excessive amounts of nitrates and an orange color of the sample indicated the presence of dissolved oxygen the presence of which is considered very crucial for aquatic life and its sustainability. The tests that were conducted by the Site Survey group indicated the presence of contaminants as follows: A dark pink color indicated excessive chlorine in water although chlorine is usually not present in fresh water. Light green to dark blue color indicated the presence of Ammonia in quantities from less to excess ive and turbity was identified by the level of clouding present in the sample tubes. When compared, the results of the two samples taken from South Platte and Cherry Creek came out relatively different. Both the samples had good quantities of dissolved Oxygen although their values differ due to the location of the samples taken from. Another important factor that stood in the results was the dangerous levels of nitrates found in certain areas of the river basin and shed making the water unsafe for use in those areas. Alkalinity was consistent in shed as well as the areas of river basin. Hardness also varied in different areas but it is of not much concern as hard water has been acclaimed fit for use due to the presence of minerals and nutrients in it which are rather healthy. Turbidity in those areas was also found to be varying. All these contaminants varying in their actual quantities giving varying results is supposed to be different nature of water and soil in the areas from whe re these samples were taken. As the composition of the soil underneath changes with area, there is a very strong chance that the constituents, alkalinity and hardness of water might also change in that area. Also, different contaminants entered the stream at different levels such as industrial waste and ecological contamination. It may also affect the constituency of water and make it more or less harmful. Good levels of dissolved oxygen found in the water made it fit for the aquatic life to survive but at the same time increased quantities of

Meditations on First Philosophy by Ren Descartes Essay

Meditations on First Philosophy by Ren Descartes - Essay Example For the first mediation, the philosopher realizes that throughout his life he has accepted great many falsehoods as truth and based since he judged their validity through his senses. However he has realized that his senses are not objective and can easily be deceived or manipulated, thus for him to find the ultimate truth that cannot be questioned, he needs must deconstruct everything he has learnt so far. He decides them to demolish all his former beliefs and assertions upon which doubt can be cast and start afresh with, what he can be sure can be verified as true beyond any doubt. However, the mediator does not examine for doubt his former believes individually, he puts them together and questions their authenticity by introspecting on the method by which he formed these conclusions. Ultimately, he realizes that the conclusions on which he has based opinions were formed by means of senses he admits that human senses are on the large quite sturdy. At most, they are only likely to mi sconceive when it comes to small far away object; he acquiesces to the fact that his senses have in the past played him false on several occasions. Bearing that in mind, he concludes that t would be unwise, nonetheless, to trust wholly anything has proven capable of deception in the past. Ergo, Descartes creates enough reason and justification to put into doubt what he has learnt through the five human senses, which are also the primary method by which scientific data is collected. As he is creating this line of thought, the philosopher seated by the fire realizes that by virtue of the fact he can feel the warmth of the fire and determine that he is awake and alert. However, this reasoning is easily challenged under the theory of doubt; he says that although he uses the fire to determine he is awake, even when he is dreaming, he experiences similar sensations to the ones he is currently feeling. Descartes also argues that even in matters of simple arithmetic and geometry, it is poss ible to be misguided and deceived; he presumes that since he at times assumes that others may be wrong in a matter in which they believe are right, such may still be applied to him by a higher being. As such, it is possible when he adds two and two to find four or when he counts four sides in a square; it is possible he is being deceived. The superior being in this case would be God who is supposed to be all good and all-powerful; if his existence is real, then it translates that the simple perceptions such as arithmetic problems should be real. However, that would only be true under the premises that God does indeed exist and possess the aforementioned attributes, the other option would be that God is capable of deliberately deceiving us or that he does not exist. Under the premises of his nonexistence, it would then mean that man is controlled and manipulated by another being, which postulates could be an evil genius, as opposed to, a supremely good God or possibly in his place. H e thus determines that in consideration of such occurrences being true, in his mediation he would suspend his believes on the authenticity of even these elementary truths. Such are the basic parts that make up the universe such as colors shapes and numbers viewing them as â€Å"nothing but bedeviling hoaxes of my dreams†, which the deceiver can lay snares for his skepticism. The second mediation serves to develop